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each year some 200 000 americans undergo

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bypass surgery for coronary heart

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disease

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arteries clogged with plaque and fatty

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deposits

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in a very limited number of cases an

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inflatable balloon catheter can be used

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to squeeze the obstruction out of the

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way

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to treat multiple blockages bypass

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surgery is the only available treatment

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20-30 000 procedure requiring weeks of

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recovery time

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new technology like this eczema laser

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and the fiber optic device called an

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angioscope hold great promise for

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revolutionizing the treatment of

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coronary heart disease

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pulsing a billionth of a second bursts

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of ultraviolet light the eczema laser

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represents technology originally

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developed by a group of researchers at

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nasa's jet propulsion laboratory in

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pasadena california

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doctors at the cedars sinai medical

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center in los angeles have teamed up

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with jpl and are working on an

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angioscope which will allow a surgeon to

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see obstructions as well as transmit

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laser energy to vaporize plaque from

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arteries

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cedars sinai's director of

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cardiovascular research dr james

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forrester the way we would plan to do

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the procedure is to make a small

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incision either in the arm or the leg

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and pass a catheter or small tube

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up to the location where an obstruction

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in a blood vessel existed

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we would be able to see it through our

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fiber optic device

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and then we would under visual control

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deliver energy that would instantly

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vaporize that obstruction

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restoring blood flow in that blood

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vessel

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the technique called laser coronary

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angioplasty is in the pre-clinical

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stages of development with patient

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testing scheduled to begin in a couple

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of years

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the key to this surgical technique is

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being able to vaporize plaque with true

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precision removing small amounts at a

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time without causing any heat damage to

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the tissue what we'd like to show is

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that we could remove material without

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doing heat damage to surrounding tissue

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so i'll take an ordinary match and i'll

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you can see i've eaten away half the

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head of the match with the laser beam

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this demonstrates how we can

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cut tissue without causing thermal

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damage to the surrounding cases

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okay can you just give me a test shot

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stuart mcdermott of the jpl laser group

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demonstrates the eczema's capability on

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a section of human aorta heavily

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you can see this clean

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precisely cut hole has been made by the

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laser

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note that there's no evidence of

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blackening or any thermal damage either

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in the hole or to the surrounding areas

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this is a magnified cross-section of

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tissue cut with an eczema laser

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if you compare this to the work of an

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argon laser being used in surgery today

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it is easy to understand why the eczema

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has so much potential

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argon lasers are very heat intense and

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cause burning and carbonization of the

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tissue often this effect will cause

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blockages to reform in the arteries

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originally developed for atmospheric

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ozone testing the eczema laser may prove

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to simplify the treatment of coronary